'first-to-file'
...disregards the date of invention. The filing date of a patent application is the only date that counts. In a first-to-file system the novelty and inventiveness (patentability) of the invention is assessed on the filing date.
...most countries
...'first-inventor-to-file': USA, 2013, America Invents Act,
VS.
'first-to-invent'
Invention generally defined to comprise two steps: (1) conception of the invention and (2) reduction to practice of the invention. When an inventor conceives of an invention and diligently reduces the invention to practice (by filing a patent application, by practicing the invention, etc.), the inventor's date of invention will be the date of conception. Thus, provided an inventor is diligent in actually reducing an application to practice, he or she will be the first inventor and the inventor entitled to a patent, even if another files a patent application, constructively reducing the invention to practice, before the inventor.