Average cost (registration):
PVPs ($ 30-60,000)
PPs ($ 5-30,000)
Patents (GMOs, $10-100 million)
Average price (income) incentives:
PVPs (5-10%)
PPs (3-5%)
Patents (20-30%)
Average royalties:
PVPs (1-3%)
PPs (< 1%)
Patents (GMO corn 'technology fees', 25-40%)