'EXCLUSIVITY' = 'SPECIFICITY'
- Exclusive Licenses - only one licensee; the licensor has no rights to exploit the technology⁄product. Exclusive licenses are preferred because breeders believe that the mutual commitment will be stronger when working exclusively.
- Sole - only the licensor has rights to exploit the technology⁄ product.
- Non-exclusive - there is no limit to the number of potential licensees. Nonexclusive licenses are rare, and experience has shown that breeders grant exclusive licenses more willingly than nonexclusive ones.
RIGHTS GRANTED
Actions requiring prior authorization from the licensor (breeder):
Production License
• Production or reproduction (multiplication)
• Conditioning for the purpose of propagation
***The number of generations of seed the licensee is allowed
Distribution License
• offering for sale
• selling or marketing
• exporting
• importing
• stocking for any of the purposes mentioned above
- Public sector breeding may also be unable to grant exclusivity to selected licensees, because this may limit public access to the varieties (HISTORICAL VS. TODAY).